![]() ![]() ![]() This phenomenon can prove problematic when assessing withdrawal severity by scoring handling-induced convulsions (HIC) because a hyperreflexive response could be interpreted as a tonic, clonic seizure when the mouse is picked up and spun by the tail. One caveat to these studies is that acute administration of CB1 agonists produces hyperreflexia, in which cataleptic and hypolocomotive subjects suddenly engage in fast, ballistic movements (usually jumping) when they are perturbed ( Dewey, 1986 Patel & Hillard, 2001). Several studies have addressed this in rodent models of alcohol dependence and withdrawal. Although not currently in use for the clinical treatment of acute withdrawal symptoms, an anecdotal report from the 1950s suggested that pyrahexyl (now known to be a CB1 agonist) ameliorated some symptoms of withdrawal, including insomnia, anxiety, and nausea ( Thompson & Proctor, 1953). In support of this hypothesis, there is a high rate of comorbidity between cannabis and alcohol use disorders (45–81% lifetime prevalence Agosti et al., 2002 Regier et al., 1990 Stinson et al., 2006), raising the question of whether drug substitution may be used to stave off or blunt aspects of withdrawal symptoms. The existence of cross-tolerance between many of the effects of cannabinoids and alcohol and the data demonstrating a clear effect of chronic alcohol on EC signaling suggest that drugs may substitute for one another under certain circumstances. Lovinger, in Neurobiology of Alcohol Dependence, 2014 Manipulating EC Signaling: Withdrawal Symptoms Following Chronic Alcohol Exposure ![]()
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